my revision ..
 sye baru je perasan belajar psychology nie sbrnya best ooow..

untuk subject psychology.. ha! kmi duk belajar pasal human development..
yahh!
so ade 4 theory yg kmi kene focus.
iaitu 4 teory dibikin oleh org kulit putih (kot lahh) yg sye x prnh kenal..

 P.V.K.E

piaget:)

vygotsky:)

kohlberg:)

erikson:)

 Piaget:

cognitive Developmental Stages

1. sensorimotor stage 0-2
2.  preoperational stage 2-7
3. concrete operational stage 7-11
4.  formal operational stage. 11++

All of these stages are excellent to know about process of human cognitive development and know how to apply it to different age groups.

cognitive tuh maksudnye..ialah tahap@stage reflect corresponding mental process capability.

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The one that I liked the most was the Preoperational stage ( bebudak yg umur 2-7 tahun)
because children response illogically and sometimes we as adults do not pay attention to their responses.

mental capability yg Allah ciptakan nie mmg sangat unik n sangat sempurna..

"Sesungguhnya Kami telah menciptakan manusia dalam bentuk yang sebaik-baiknya." - Surah Al-Tin: Ayat 4

Vygotsky

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I also learned about Vygotsky theory of socio cultural development
vygotsky try to explain about theory of mind..where mind as the zone of proximal development.
which learned by socio-cultural development( biah @ suasana sekeliling)..example~~ children depended on adult to learn about the world.

when they get older and they become adolescence.. in this stage time of transition..human will get increased in physical development..
( so kita akan mengalami perubahan physical yg sangat banyak)
tu sebab bile kite tengaok gambar kite waktu kecik2 dulu..kite sangat comel..tp bile dh besar (dh puberty) kite dh kurang comey tp alhamdulillah kite brtambah jelitaa ..huu~~

lpas puberty jer!! after reach concrete & formal operational stage..kite akan serching identity!! maka pada waktu itu akan berlakulah conflict identity so akan  berlaku process of crisis of resolution.


 Statuses of Identity
Foreclosure: The person has made commitments but has not done much decision-making or experienced much distress.
Diffusion: The person seems to have little motivation to make major life choices.
Moratorium: In the midst of an identity crisis, the person takes time to make a commitment to a particular career or set of values.
Identity achievement: The person has passed through an identity crisis and made the necessary decision, having chosen a career and developed a set of values; usually viewed as a sign of maturity.

 oke cara yg dikira paling baik untuk menyelesaikan crisis identity tika menyelusuri fasa concrete operational stage dan formal operational stage..adalah dengan 'parenting style'..tapi dia letak 4 style parenting iaitu:-

4 style keibubapaan..yg diterangkn oleh vygotsky..style asuhan yg berbeza akan menghasilkan feeling of security yg berbeza..ahh rasax prlu lahh nk detailkn..sbb semuanya X  baguss..style2 nie x mungkin dpt lahirkan rijal yg mmpu merealisasikan ustaziatul alam..(mood sangat serios)..

 

-authoritarian-parent yg jenis bg arahan , anak2 kene dengar arahan dia konon ade absolute power laa kire..lastly produce children yg x bole nk brkomunikasi ngan ibubapa sendiri.

-punitive-parent yg suke bg harsh physical emotion dicipline.akhirnya hasilkn anak2 yg suke marah marah( angry and resentful children ) at same time low self esteem

 

-authoritative-akan hasilkn open parent communication ~freedom of expression~tp pendpt sye ramai org salah faham dgn style cam nih..sbb ramai jugak ibu bapa gune pndekatan ini ..tp rase antara 4 ni pling baik kot..

-permissive-parent give total freedon to their child..akhirnya akn hasilkn anak2 yg irresponsible n immature children.

cara yg pling baik didik @ asuh anak2 adalah mcm cara Aminah, Halimatus saadiah, bapa saidina umar, parent hasan al banna..contoh dlm kalangan kite pun banyak jerr...belajarlah dr sejarah kisah orang hebat!

Kohlberg

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The theory of Kohlberg talking about social development.development of moral and value. which is start from childhood continue in adulthood. I really enjoyed learning this theory. It made me reflect on my own life and why  I was in certain age levels. I also got to learn a little more on moral and value development.

3 level of moral development include

1. preconventional morality
2. conventional morality 
3. post morality

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